Proposal: Guidelines and Samples

A Proposed Design of a Bagasse Rotary Dryer for Cagayan-Robina Sugar Milling Company

BY:
Mary B. Pasion
Instructor
Nueva Vizcaya State University

Introduction

In the sugar factories,bagasse is used as captive fuel in their boilers for raising steam necessary for power generation, as well as running the sugar factory and processing sugar cane into sugar.

Raw Sugar Process

Sugarcane Component
70% water
14% fiber
13.3% saccharose (10-15% sucrose)
2.7%  soluble impurities

By-products of sugar cane
molasses
bagasse

Bagasse

•    the fibrous residue left over after the extraction of juice from sugar cane milling process
•     composed  of 43-52% fiber, 45-52% moisture and 2-6% soluble solids

Background

In Cagayan-Robina sugar milling company, the installation of bagasse dryer became essential since the moisture content of bagasse  of the mill run bagasse of their milling plant has an average of 50.12%. High moisture content in the bagasse cause incomplete combustion in the boiler furnace, therefore it need a lot of extraneous to meet the steam requirement of the factory.

Objectives

General Objective:

To propose a design of a bagasse rotary dryer for Cagayan-Robina Sugar Milling Company.

Specific Objectives:

1. To design a rotary  bagasse  dryer for CARSUMCO.
2. To make an economic feasibility of the proposed design in terms of:
a. rate of return of investment
b. payback period

Scope and Limitations:

In response to the problem of high moisture content of bagasse from the milling plant of CARSUMCO, this study focused in the design of a rotary bagasse dryer.

Schedule of Activities

Identification of Problem -  1 month
Data Gathering – 1 month
Design – 2 months
Computations – 1 month
Documentations – 1 month

Expected Output

1.    Design of a rotary bagasse dryer
2.    Economic feasibility based on computed rate of return and payback period.

Resources

•    Books and journals
•    Internet Access
•    CARSUMCO laboratory results
•    Machine shop

I hope these proposal checklist helps you in writing your proposal.

• Obtain copy of RFP to make sure that your proposal adheres with the guidelines and rules.

• State your idea clearly and concisely in writing.

• Your proposal should be timely, significant, innovative and unique.

• Cite alternative approaches and justified why your idea is the best.

• Review literature carefully.

• Identify your skills and partner’s skills.

• Use graphs, tables, figures and visual materials.

• Don’t forget to include the schedule of activities.

• Include proposal costing

• Get specialist or expert knowledge, if necessary.

• Number the pages of your proposal.

• Let someone proofread your proposal for further evaluation and correction.

• Attach necessary supporting documents.

Loan approval is depends on how you will present yourself as well as your business.  The lenders make it sure that you will repay your proposed loan and you have sufficient assets (collateral) in case the loan goes into default. It is your duty to give your lenders an assurance that you will be able to pay your loans. A well written proposal should be prepared to improve your chances of getting a loan. Your proposal should contain the following items.

Cover Letter – It should not more than one or two pages long.  Just give details how the loan will be used.

General Information – It includes the business name, names of owners, business address as well as Social Security number of each owner.

Business Description – Business nature and history should be included as well as the business age and number of employees and current assets. Also, the business structure must be included

Management Report - Have a short report regarding each owner such as their education, background, experience, skills and accomplishments.

Market Report – Classify your business product and business markets.  Cite your marketing strategy to compete with your competitors. Also, identify your prospective customers.

Financial Report – Include your balance sheet and income statement for the past three years, if your business is new, create your projected balance sheet and income statement. Present your personal financial statement as well as the other owners of the business. Finally, identify the collateral you are willing to guarantee as the security for the loan.

Photographs – Sometimes, it is necessary to include the interesting and attractive photos of your business such as product and equipment. You may caption some of the photos to tell the story what the lender want to know.

The study aims to develop wireless operation of lighting and home appliances through the computer system and the SMS.

The proposed study has the following objectives:

• - to develop a system that would help the user to monitor their home lights and appliances
• - to develop software that would automatically switch ON/OFF lights and appliances
• - to develop software that would provide adequate switching capabilities
• - to design a system that would provide security and convenience
• - to develop a system that would automatically shut off the computer system through SMS.

Grant proposal is a formal document written and submitted to government or entity that offering a grant program. It is a written request for monetary assistance in the form of a grant.

Some corporations, foundations and government agencies give out of billion of dollars in grants to companies. It is important to have a valuable skill to write good grant proposals. The following are components to have a good grant proposal.

• Abstract. Brief summary which clearly describe the proposed project.

• Need Statement or opportunity. Define the current situation that your project will address. Focus on the problem and make the problem fixable with the grant money and the problem must be significant to warrant funding.

• Project Description. Describe the project and explain how to solve the problem. Convince the reader that the project is the best way to solve the problem.

• Goals and Objectives. Identify the things want to accomplish and things to achieve.  It must be specific.

• Project Activities. Provide timetable that shows the activities to carry out the project.

• Evaluation. Describe how the project being monitored and the result will be evaluated. Includes the criteria how the project is being evaluated and the persons who conduct the evaluation.

• Organization information. Sometime it is necessary to include the outline of the organization including its history, accomplishments, and qualifications of key people and so on.

• Budget. Clearly identify how the money will be spent in the project. Provide detailed expenses for the project.

A good proposal should be readable, well-organized, understandable and grammatically correct.  Your proposal should clearly explain how the proposed idea made improvements.

Based on my understanding, I listed some of characteristics should a proposal should have.

• Describe an idea to solve problems in new ways

• Identify the general and specific objective precisely

• Rationale costing. Budget should be realistic.  It should be consistent and complete without unambiguous

• Provide valid assumptions.  It should have detailed information to justify every statement.

• Detailed schedule of activities to complete the project

• Follow all the directions given in the proposal guidelines

• Consist of appendices which serve as evidence of careful planning and previous experience

• Clearly communicates the qualification of the personnel involved in the project

• Well-organized writing style in such as way that it uses a header to lead the reader

• Paginated from beginning to end including the appendix

• Use appropriate graphs and figures, charts and other visual materials

• Proofreads for grammatical errors and misspelling

• Include vitae to demonstrate credentials required

• Consists of necessary letter of support and other documentation

• Identify potential pitfalls and alternative approaches

It is imperative to show your idea is feasible to attract investor and fund the project.  No matter what is your offering whether a product or service, you need to convince other people to finance your ideas.

I provide some feasibility mistakes which serve as guidelines to your feasibility study.

• Doing feasibility study without doing research. It is a wasting of time and money without preliminary research on validity of the idea.   It is necessary to conduct initial research or pre-feasibility study before the start on of a full feasibility study.

• Incorrect data interpretation.  Sometimes, the writer overestimates the market size as well as the opportunity for the new venture. For example, you will observe that the product has a large market place, but not realized the strengths of competitors and their customer’s loyalty.

• Incorrect cost estimation. Make sure to detailed the cost to avoid over-estimation or under estimation.  Also, cost estimates should be studied carefully.

• Overlook indirect competitors.  Make sure to investigate all products and services that deal to customers’ need.

• Surveys dependence. Don’t over rely to survey because people tend to answer “yes” for new product but when it comes to purchasing, they say “no”.

• Without expert Assistance.  It is important to get expert views regarding the product, idea or services.

Design a Portable Wind Energy Generator Charger

Introduction

In today’s generation, cell phone chargers are inseparable entity of any cell phone.  There is no cell phone in the world which is free of its chargers.  With the advent of new sophisticated cell phone in the market, cell phone users are paying much importance to its charger.

The portable wind energy generator charger is a project that aims to harness natural sources of energy. With traditional energy sources running low, and process rising, most people are taking advantage of “free” energy as long as it can be implemented safely.  Using this gadget, cell phone can be charge anywhere and anytime.

In conclusion, the wind power generation is an ideal alternative power energy source. It gives us savings and cleans the air we breathe in. The benefits actually have a chain reaction of positive effects around the globe. It will lower the price of fuel, it will improve our economy, and we will have a cleaner environment.

Background of the Study

Electric Charger is the indispensable item for any owner of a cell phone, iPod or other rechargeable electronic device.  Cell phone users always want to turn on their cell phone to stay connected with their friends and relatives. In case of power failure, cell phone users cannot use their electric charger to charge electricity.

The researcher comes up to design a portable wind energy generator charger to keep cell phone fully charged even miles away from conventional electricity. It is an ultimate reliable emergency power supplies for cell phones because it never gets used up and never wears out or stop working.

Objectives

General Objective

• Develop Adjustable Wind-Powered Electric Generator

Specific Objectives

• To design a Portable Wind-Power Generator Charger
• To determine the minimum requirements for the selection of a location where to prototype can be implemented
• To test the prototype in terms of accuracy and the relationship of the wind speed and voltage output

Scope and Limitation

The study focuses mainly on the design and construction of an efficient electric generator system, powered by the wind.  The generator produces a voltage rating up to 6 volts maximum and a minimum of 1.25 volts, adjustable, with a power rating of 5 watts.

The study aims to provide a quality power source.  This project is expected to supply electricity to support minimum energy consumption.  This can be applied in the use of a low powered device, which, in this study is a mobile phone, the Nokia cell phones.

Wind energy is the only energy source that can be utilized in this study.  So, only areas that are subjected to little or no wind movement at all may or may not benefit from this study.  The generator system operates at a minimum wind speed of 6.9695 meters per second or 25.0901 kilometers per second.

Schedule of Activities

* an excerpt from the proposal of wind-energy generator charger

Development of Computerized Lighting Control System for Western Asia College

Introduction

Modernization changed our lifestyle.  Technology empowers us to spend time and spaces in remarkable ways. Due to rapid technological changes new things produced a better way of doing things through the development of science and technology.

One of these changes is through the use of a computer controlled lighting system which is programmed to automatically turn on and turn off the light in unoccupied areas.  In this way, establishment will be able to save electricity and at the same time provide additional energy saving.

Statement of the Problem

Western Asia College had been using the traditional way of lighting off and on of lights in their classroom. Most of the time instructors and students are forgot to turn off the lights after class hour which result to too much electricity consumption.

General Objective

- To develop a Computerized Lighting Control System for Bataan Heroes Memorial College

Specific Objective

-To design an automatic lighting control

Importance of the Study

This study aims not only to save electricity but also to provide additional energy saving by controlling the on and off periods more accurately.

Scope and Limitation

This computerized lighting control system is capable of turning on/off of lights of different room according to the scheduled time. However, despite of capabilities of this system, it limit the output to a number of eight, which can control eight ,220 volts,500mA devices, or by using a parallel connection to double or triple the number of output and also the software program is in static manner.

Expected Outcome

• After the system being implemented, the school will reduces energy consumption since the lighting is automatically operated by a timer or PC software controlled system which is programmed to automatically turn on and turn off the light during and after classes.

• Takes away the responsibility of the instructor and student to control the lighting.

Conclusion

The use of ULN2803 integrated circuit and relay combinations is the heart and brain of the system.  It’s already incorporates several components in a single package.  The software which was programmed in VB 6.0 is the application program that drives and controls the entire system.  It is also concluded that the system has a low percentage error in terms of time interval.

Recommendation

The researchers want to recommend to the future researcher on the hardware and software part of the study for further enhancement of the features and specification of the device such as:

• The higher version of the application capable in using multiple monitoring and controlling system operations.

• Enhance the number of output signals with the use of better Integrated circuits.

• An internet based program that can access the system wherever you are

- An Excerpt from proposal of Computerized Lighting System

Name of the Enterprise

This proposed sugar mill shall be called as Sweet Sugar Incorporated, obviously sugar is sweet and sweet is sugar. That’s why it shall be called as Sweet Sugar Incorporated.

Sweet Sugar Incorporated shall have its own plant located in Sitio Maguindong, Luakan, Dinalupihan, Bataan.

The site was chosen because its strategic location, where the supplies of public and private services are adequate and labor supply and raw materials are readily available.

Sources of Raw Materials

The plant shall have its own sugarcane plantation near the mill and the plantation shall be adequate in land area that will produce the needed raw material for sugar.

Availability of Transportation

The plant site is strategically located in Sitio Maguindong, Luakan, Dinalupihan, Bataan where transportation is not a problem. The plant is readily accessible to the workers. The finished sugar can be readily delivered to the market.

Project Long Range Objective

The Sweet Sugar Incorporated shall stick to its obligation and responsibility to its consumers of providing and producing the highest quality of sugar. No toxic materials shall be used or if there is, it should be properly disposed. It also respond to the needs of the barangay where it is located in order to help its progress.

The Sweet Sugar Incorporated shall be the number one product and supplier of high-grade sugar throughout Luzon and its neighboring provinces, and if expansion is needed, it shall be done without overlooking its primary objectives.

Mode of Financing

Financing shall come from the shares of the stockholders/owners of the Sweet Sugar Incorporated. If ever the shares can’t cover up the expenses of constructing the plant before its operation, the Sweet Sugar Incorporated shall apply for loans which will give the maximum output for the plant.

When business is already in operation, its liabilities and loans shall be paid from the sugar revenue

Market Study

As Bataan is situated geographically near the center of the Philippines, the finished product can be easily transported to the neighboring provinces in the country. Manila, the leading distribution center in the Philippines will be recipient of greater bulk of the product.

Analysis of Market Demand and Supply

Sugar is one of the primary commodities of the people, thus it is very important to have big supply that will cover up the big demand for sugar. The establishment of this sugar mill will greatly help our fellow Filipinos and most of all, our economy. This sugar mill will increase the sugar supply in the market, thus lessening our importation of sugar which is more expensive in cost.

Market and Marketing Strategy

Vigorous effort should be expanded to secure a market before a commitment is made to build a sugar mill if it would be most desirable to have the financial participation of one or more major users who can guarantee the purchase of substantial portion for the procedure production. During the past years, several overtures were made in this direction which revealed the opportunities existing.

Scale and Volume

The receiving of raw materials supply condition market potential and engineering should be considered. It would have production line which represent 769,434 tons per unit day. The output of the plant will depend on the production conditions.

Sugar Marketing Operation

The structure of general framework of market situation is already been said of the manner in which selling, shipping, financing and all other commercial aspect of marketing are out inside the general framework. These function rarely been described except by and for the specialist concerned with them. They are the essential link, however, providing the customers with that they want and the sugar industry with their income.

The successful selling of the product ultimately determine the prosperity of every one in industry if it is not sold successfully all the efforts of the farmers, millers and readiness with their employees and the most of business which supply and service them will suffer. The final customers are their most important millions of housewives buying sweets or soft drinks not only 4 lbs. of sugar and tin of golden syrup but also the tin of jam.

Market Distribution

Pricing

Pricing should follow the established market prices and practices which in turn are determined by the forces of demand and supply, however because of uncertainty of sugar during the start up period, some prices concessions should be made in order to break into market. A suggestion that is to 20% reduction from established market prices be affected on the first year output.

Consumer Surveys

Everyone is using sugar everyday, but assumed of sugar feeds are centrally as possible within the area of cane fields, as this will facilitate the transportation of cane with less rolling stock and other fixed charges for their department. Moreover, easy cane supply, so necessary for a economical grinding, will secure to the factory.

The direction of the prevailing wind and its accessibility to the factory and dwelling should be ascertained to avoid dust, ashes, smoke and odor of refuse going in wrong direction.

Healthy surroundings are paramount importance to the employees. Standing and deterioration water must not be allowed near the factory.

Technical Study

Services Offered:

The proposed plant site at Sitio Maguindong, Luakan, Dinalupihan, Bataan offers a plentiful supplies of water and power. The site offers adequate supply of water for growing sugarcane, and power for the production of sugar. It also offers adequate supply of laborers, which is considered more important than all the other factors, especially when skilled and unskilled laborers are required.

Labor

Skills required

The company will hire Filipino larorers in sugar cane manufacturing. Laborers near the company site and more preferable to the employees to insure promptness and can do overtime work when needed Another important reason is that people from nearest place can easily transport with their convenience since the company is small, the working force will be required from town itself or its vicinity. The company on the other hand will give assurance to the workers like a good working condition, facilities for a conductive maintenance of their health incentives and many other benefits required by the labor code, plus benefits given by the company itself.

The Project Site

Sitio Maguindong, Luakan, Dinalupihan, Bataan was chosen the best region of all sugar plantation in the Philippines due to its abundant supply of labor will not be difficult to achieve as most barrio folk are quite hardworking and industrious. Another reason is because of availability of raw materials and have favorable conditions. The plant would be erected near the national highway which will enable the transportation of finished product to the opposite provinces of course, sugar central will increase their yearly supply of sugar production thus helping the sugar industry.

The determination where sugar cane factory is to be located is purely an agricultural one. So far, it is referred t the tract of land which has to be adequate for growing sugar cane fr a period of years and the location where climate condition and rainfall are much that successful crops to be expected.

As Bataan is situated geographically near the center of the Philippines, the finished product can be easily transported to the neighboring provinces.

Waste Disposal

The various waste materials produced by industries maybe classified generally as solids, gaseous or liquid. Solid waste are directly related to a loud pollution gas liquid to air and water pollution, although all of them have combined and interrelated effects on pollution.

Methods of Waste Disposal

1. Eliminate of source. The first approach to a waste disposal problem requires a careful attention of the source of pollutants.
2. Recovery of waste products. Before deciding how to discard waste materials, the engineer should always think for recycle, reuse or for sale.
3. Regulate how to fit dilution
4. Divert waste to other points
5. Waste treatment. – A very expensive process the recent encountered by the major cities of the world due to smog problem and the question as due to how to dispose gaseous waste, electrostatic precipitators, aggrometrators, washers and many other kind of equipment have been used to remove atmospheric contaminants.

Disposal of solid waste materials on land is always a complicated problem, incineration and burying are possible solution and the best is by recycling.

A judicious plant design eliminates a potential hazardous operations should be separated from various plant facilities and sufficient protection is made, possible sources of fire by eliminating all the unnecessary ignition sources such as flame, spark or heated material, welding, smoking, static electricity and the spontaneous combustion of waste materials.

Chemicals can cause dangerous burns and accidents are bound to occur rotating sections of equipments should be amply protected to prevent accidents.

Management Study

For Pre-operating Period:

During the pre-operating period, the stockholders are responsible to deal with some government and private agencies to secure the necessary document and deal in financing institution for financial needs of the project. These persons are the one to negotiate for the constructor. The supplier of the materials and by the hired construction firm and the supervision will be integrated with the said contract. Consultant shall be hired also to ensure the safety of the plant and to supervise the installation of the equipment.

For Operating Period:

During the operating period, the stockholders handled the key position in the company. The business is organized and incorporate with their respective holdings:

Board of Directors

- Chairman of the Board
- Member
- Member
- Member
- Maintenance and Material Director
- Company Accountant
- Sales Director
- Production Director

The company sees to it that hired accountant and supervision directors are all licensed by the professional Regulation Commission (PRC) in their respective professions. All these persons should have at least an experience in their respective jobs.

The company accountant is responsible for the books and the preparation of the company book of accounts. He also prepares the payroll and he examines the financial status of the company.

The sales director will assists the selling and finding markets for the products.

The production director is responsible for the production in order to insure for good productivity and minimize production or manufacturing costs.

The maintenance and materials director is responsible for the safety programs and maintenance of the plant. He should set the guidelines and train workers about safety and accidents and be able to continue the flow of the product even machine breakdown occurs, which are hindrance to the company’s re-productivity programs.

Financial Study

Major Assumption

An industry like sugar mill requires a big capital. The stockholders shall provide the needed capital for the establishment of the whole business. Funds shall be given for the purchases of the necessary equipments and necessary materials for the construction of the building and for the purchase of land.

In case that there is no sufficient fund, the company shall apply for loan in the bank which gives the lowest interest. During operation, the company shall pay its obligation out its revenues.

Equipment cost less than P40,000,000.00. Building construction (payment for the labors included) costs more than P20,000,000.00. Land (for the plant site and sugar cane plantation costs P20,000,000.00. The stockholders shall produce a budget of not less than P80,000,000.00.

Socio-economic Study

Taxes and Restricting Law

Bataan offers the lowest tax rate for industries like sugar production, and the best of Bataan is, they offer, provide government subsidy and help to the industries located in its territory.

Provincial and town legislation are also important. The sweet sugar laws are more stringent in Bataan.

Sweet Sugar Incorporated will help boost the economic status of Dinalupihan, Bataan because it will provide a great number of jobs for the unemployed folks in the area, thus, giving them more opportunities in life.

Sweet Sugar Incorporated shall pay all its tax obligations on time.

This is a partial study of Engr. Eric Lanosa.