Methodology for the Proposed Services

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Proposal for the Mechanical Engineering Design for PAL Fuel Tank Farm in Batangas City
By: Jose I. Hizon Jr., Carlos E. Zapanta and Melvin Panganiban

Approach and Methodology in Undertaking the Proposed Services

Scope of Works

DOZON’s first priority is to evaluate the existing condition.  This will comprise of assigning a reconnaissance team who will be responsible for the collection of all data and pertinent information relevant to the project.  This will also include verification of any existing and/or proposed development in the vicinity of the area to determine the availability of power and water supply, telecommunications and drainage system and other facilities.

General

  1. Ensure the designs are in accordance with applicable codes, regulations and ordinances.
  2. Finalize the Basis of Design and brief to enable the preparation of full design drawings.
  3. Finalize the design drawings for the works, taking due consideration of the requirements of each design discipline.
  4. Prepare technical specifications for the works, based upon sound engineering practice and cognizance of local requirements and methods.
  5. Prepare and submit final construction drawings and technical specifications.
  6. Prepare Bill of Quantities based on the final design suitable for procuring of materials.
  7. Attend design meeting/presentations as requested by the CLIENT.

Design of fuel tank

This includes determination of the optimum numbers, capacities, dimensions, spacing and layout of fuel tanks and auxiliary piping.  Design shall be done in accordance with he latest applicable local codes and internationally recognized standards.  Several schemes shall be considered, studied and evaluated to arrive at the optimum system design.

Design of fuel loading and unloading piping facility

Upon completion fuel tank design and upon finalization of site development and marine berth, design of associated fuel loading/unloading piping between marine berth, fuel tank farm and truck loading shed shall then be made.  Design shall be done in accordance with the latest applicable local codes and internationally recognized standards.

Design of fire protection system for the fuel tank farm and marine berth

Upon owner’s approval of the fuel tank and pipe layouts and upon finalization of site development plan and marine berth, design of fire protection system shall be made  This includes design of fire hydrant system for entire facility, design of foam system for fuel tank farm and marine dock, design of water spray for fuel tanks exposure protection.  Likewise, design shall be done in accordance with the latest applicable local codes and internationally recognized standards.

Design of fire protection, ventilation and/or air conditioning system for ancillary structures

Upon owner’s approval of the architectural concept of the administration building, laboratory, employees’ quarters and other ancillary structure, design of fire protection, ventilation and/or air conditioning system for these structures shall then be made based on the latest applicable building codes.

Deliverables

1.    Major Service Requirements

a.    Study of existing site facilities and utilities
b.    Coordination with the architects and other engineering consultants
c.    Space allocation for fuel tank farm, equipment rooms, and fire storage tank
d.    Equipment layout
e.    Equipment selection including pumps, air conditioning units, etc.

2.    Cost estimate: review concept against budget for conformity
3.    Outline design criteria
4.    Finalized electrical site distribution routing and sub-station design
5.    Finalized air conditioning, ventilation, fuel piping, and fire protection plan, tank farm layout, equipment layout, equipment schedule, schematic line diagrams for ducting and piping

Engineering Support During Construction

  1. Coordinate closely with the CLIENT and other disciplines involved in the construction to ensure strict compliance of the construction with the design plans and specifications.
  2. Assist the CLIENT and the contractor in the interpretation of the design plans and specifications.
  3. Organize and lead job site meetings and others which may be required by the CLIENT.
  4. Review and approve all shop drawings, catalogues, and samples prepared by the contractors to ensure compatibility with design and specification requirements.

Sample Technical Proposal

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Proposal for the Mechanical Engineering Design for PAL Fuel Tank Farm in Batangas City
By: Jose I. Hizon Jr., Carlos E. Zapanta and Melvin Panganiban

Part 1 Technical Proposal

Chapter 1 – Project Understanding

1.1    The Project

Philippine Airlines intends to develop the remaining part of the 60 hectare land located at Pinamucan, Batanga City, Province of Batangas.  The first part was develop as Himmel Industries, a chemical storage farm.  From the site inspection conducted last September 24, 2001 and the subsequent technical meeting with Philippines Airlines representatives led by Mr. Elvis Yao, it is anticipated that the Proposed Philippine Airline Aviation Fuel Tank Farm shall be provided with the following amenities features:

  • tanks with a total capacity of sixty (60) million liters of aviation fuel oil.
  • support facilities such as administration building, workshop, laboratory, substation and emergency generator set, elevated water tank, pump house, foam house, dormitory, recreation building, outdoor basketball and lawn tennis courts, guardhouse and helipad
  • four (4) loading truck sheds
  • outdoor and covered parking areas for visitors and employees
  • slop tank for initial discharge prior to storage to the fuel tanks
  • deep well water supply
  • lighting for the site
  • oil separator prior to discharge of oil waste
  • loading arm for the connection of vessel
  • new marine berth for the loading and unloading of fuel oil from the fuel tankers to the slop tank if the existing berth is not capable of accommodating the fuel tankers.

As envisioned to supply its own aircraft aviation fuel requirement, including that of Air Philippines, a Philippine Airlines has invited Trans-Asia (Philippines), Inc. to submit a Technical and Financial Proposal for the Detailed Architectural and Engineering Design and Project Construction Management Services for the above mentioned project.  Trans-Asia invited their mechanical designer, DOZON Engineering and Construction Services to submit proposal for the detailed mechanical engineering design for fuel tank, fuel pump/piping facilities, fire protection, ventilation and air conditioning system.

Writing Step for Winning Business Proposal

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Business development which required written proposal is avoided by some business people because they believe that writing proposal is tricky. I believe that if you will know the basic steps, it will never be difficult because once you clearly define your plan of action and follow simple steps; you will have a winning business proposal.

The first thing you should do with your business proposal is to clearly define the benefits from the proposed business venture. It should be state visibly how it will benefit for them and how you plan to do it. The next step is to tell them why your company is the best for the job.

Describe the product and services you are offering and state clearly your main objectives that it will be the best solution to their company. Identify the points why your company should be chosen by your client.

Then, carefully identify your financial projections. You can employ professional assistance to estimate your business proposal for your prospective client. Always remember that business is not static entity. Convince them that your offer is the most effective and cost effective. Also, you can research your client’s requirement and make sure that your information is up to date as possible.

Make your business proposal informative as much as possible. Any research done and facts based projects should be included in your proposal. You can use charts and graphs to identify your information where necessary.

Finally, use professional layout and eye-catching cover as well good layout such as bullet points, charts, graphs, financial projections and summaries for quick review by prospective clients. It is essential for your business proposal to create a very positive impression.

Cost Analysis of Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Characteristics

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Product Cost

The following data shows the prices of identified fuel oil

Bunker Fuel = 14.2617 php/liter
CME  = 70 php/liter

Cost per liter of Bunker Oil with 20% CME

1 liter = 1000 ml
1000 ml – 200 ml = 800 ml
800 ml (0.0142617 php/ml) = 12.55 php
200 ml (0.07 php/ml) = 14.00 php
Total Cost = 26.55 php

Cost per liter of Bunker Oil with 25% CME

1 liter = 1000 ml
1000 ml – 250 ml = 750 ml
750 ml (0.0142617 php/ml) = 10.70 php
250 ml (0.07 php/ml) = 17.50 php
Total Cost = 28.20 php

Evaluation and Benefits of the Project

The study will serve as a platform in providing technical support the widespread and efficient use of bio-diesel/bunker blended fuel.  Promoting the widespread use of bio-fuel blend will improve our environment while reducing dependence on foreign oil, stretching our fossil fuel reserves and providing value added markets for our coconut industry.

This sample cost analysis is taken from the project study entitled, “Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Characteristics between 20% and 25% CME Blend by Volume on Bunker Fuel and the Effect of Exhaust Gas Emission” by: Kristian G. Barario, Rhio C. Dimakiling, Orley G. Fadriquel and Manuel Robles.

Introduction for the Project Proposal Study

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The Philippines is poised to join other rapidly industrializing nations of the world.  This impending process also brings with it the spectra of more pollution and environmental degradation.  Depreciating air quality is impairs the health and welfare of a large proportions of the population, in particular that of the 20  million residents in Metro Manila its surrounding air shed.

The concentration of several dangerous pollutants has reached critical levels that are well above those that commonly affect human health.  The primary causes of air pollution come from emissions from industrial processes and combustion of fuels in power plants.  Close to 3,000 industries and commercial establishments located within Metro Manila have expanded rapidly.  Annual estimates of emission show that 116,000 tons of PM (particulate matter) and 39,000 tons of Sulfur Oxide (SOx) are being produced every year.  Studies indicated total Suspended Particulates (TSP10), exceeds national ambient air quality standards, which are comparable to WHO guidelines.  Such great number of emission creates impact on public health where road users someone prone to chest ailments, children with high blood lead levels and poor are most adversely affected.  If not addressed, unfavorable effects of air pollution will significantly wear down the gains of social and economic development.

The government interventions are still obviously inadequate and needs intensified judging from monitoring data registered for the period.  Air quality must be improved through the reduction of air pollution, enhancing the fuel quality and promoting the use of alternative and clean fuel.

This sample introduction is taken from the project proposal entitled,  “Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Characteristics between 20% and 25% CME Blend by Volume on Bunker Fuel and the Effect of Exhaust Gas Emission” by: Kristian G. Barario, Rhio C. Dimakiling, Orley G. Fadriquel and Manuel Robles.

Methodology

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The study used bunker fuel mixed with 25 percent of CME to be run in to a water tube boiler with a maximum pressure of 10 kg/cm2.  By means of a flue gas analyzer to be inserted in to the exhaust of the boiler, the elements contained by the exhaust gas will be recorded.  There are two parts of the project; (a) physico – chemical characterization of potential viable blends; (b) emission testing using identified test blend.

In Physico-chemical characterization there is blending of 20% and 25% CME by volume on the controlled samples of bunker fuel.

Sample formulations were done with different proportions by mixing bunker fuel with coconut methyl ester CME.

a)    Bunker fuel with 20% CME
b)    Bunker fuel with 25% CME

In emission testing, exhaust gas sample will be taken in the stack during burning of pure diesel fuel or bunker fuel as a base line data while the boiler pressure and fuel temperature is at 4 kg/cm2 and 85 degree centigrade, then the next exhaust gas sample will be taken in burning CME-IDO/bunker fuel blends.  A bunker fuel should be firs tested to be the base line data.

This sample methodology is taken from the project proposal entitled,  “Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Characteristics between 20% and 25% CME Blend by Volume on Bunker Fuel and the Effect of Exhaust Gas Emission” by: Kristian G. Barario, Rhio C. Dimakiling, Orley G. Fadriquel and Manuel Robles.

Review of Related Literature

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Countries depended on imported fossils fuels, like the Philippines, feel the pinch caused by the rising cost of crude oil and petroleum excise duties.  Add to that, 70% of mineral oil deposits are located in politically unstable areas.

The mounting pressure from environment groups for cleaner air also gives more urgency for the concerned agencies look for ways to make alternative fuel commercially viable.  Especially since its raw materials could be locally sourced. Coconut bio-fuel advocates have stressed that coconut methyl este (CME) is the most viable as transport fuels compared to compressed natural gases and Alco diesel.

Coconut Methyl Ester is the most practical of the alternative fuels because is easy to make and easy to apply and is biogradable.  The use of fuel such as coconut methyl ester significantly stabilizes carbon dioxide emission and prevents its increase because carbon dioxide is locked into a closed circuit.  Since coconut methyl ester is plant origin, it produces carbon dioxide when it and it goes back to the plant, therefore, it has no global effects on global warming. Both the environment and health concerns will benefit because fuel blends with CME thereby, reducing particulate matters.  Thus the black exhaust gas that it emits can cause diseases.  It has been proven that plant base fuel when burned produces carbon neutral gas.

Air is the source we breathe.  Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live.  Air is 99.9 nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gas.  Human actions can release substances into the air thus causing harmful for humans, plants, and animals.  Several main kinds of pollution include acid rain, smog, the greenhouse effect and “holes” in the ozone layer.  Each of these harmful problems has serious implications to our health and the environment.  One kind of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy.  Diesel smoke is one of a good example of this particular matter.  The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about 0.0001 inches.  This kind of pollution is referred to as “black carbon” pollution.  The exhaust from – burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air.  The release of noxious gases is another type of air pollution, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SoX), Nitrogen Oxide (NoX),  Particulate matter (PM), and chemical vapors.  These can take chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere forming smog and acid rain.  Air pollution is also inside our homes, offices, and schools.  Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking.  In some countries like the United States, they spend about 80-90% of their time inside the buildings so exposure to indoor pollutants can seriously be harmful.

Air pollution can affect our health in many ways.  Human beings are affected by air pollution in different ways.  People are much more sensitive to pollutants.  Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution.  Individuals with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted.

This sample review of related literature is taken from the project proposal entitled,  “Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Characteristics between 20% and 25% CME Blend by Volume on Bunker Fuel and the Effect of Exhaust Gas Emission” by: Kristian G. Barario, Rhio C. Dimakiling, Orley G. Fadriquel and Manuel Robles.

Background of the Study

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The air of the future is the air we breathe today.  It is our source of life, tomorrow’s generation depends on it.  Air is composed of 78.084 Nitrogen, 20.946 Oxygen, 0.934 Argon, 0.033 Carbon Dioxide, 0.003 rare gases (all are in mole %).  The breakdown of air composition, water vapor and inert gases, cause it to lose its purity.

Air pollution is everyone’s burden.  Not only have human beings experienced the effect it brings.  But different groups of individuals are likewise, affected by air pollution in different ways.  Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than others.  Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution.  People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung diseases may also suffer more when the air is polluted.  The pollutants coming from different sources affect primarily our health.  Particulate Matter (PM) a type of pollutant composed of particles found in the air, including dust, soot, smoke and liquid droplets can be suspended in the air for long periods of time.  Some particles are large dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke.  This may cause a wide variety of impacts on health and environment.  Some of the health effects occur in the respiratory system, which results to difficulty in breathing, aggravated asthma, chronic bronchitis or even premature death.  PM also causes the reduction of visibility.  Even the water people drink can be exposed to the particles carried over long distances by wind.

A colorless, odorless gas formed when carbon in fuel is not burned completely is another common pollutant, popularly known as Carbon Monoxide (CO).  Found in the motor vehicle exhaust and in metal and chemical manufacturing industries it contributes more than 85-95% of all CO emissions nationwide.

This sample background of study is excerpt from the project proposal entitled,  “Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Characteristics between 20% and 25% CME Blend by Volume on Bunker Fuel and the Effect of Exhaust Gas Emission” by: Kristian G. Barario, Rhio C. Dimakiling, Orley G. Fadriquel and Manuel Robles

Sample Abstract for Project Proposal

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The study deals with the comparative analysis of physico-chemical characteristics; between 20% and 25% CME by volume on the controlled samples of bunker fuel, and the effects of exhaust gas emission.

The blended fuel will be submitted to a qualified separate testing agency for physico-chemical analysis.  In physico-chemical characterization, specific results from testing the blend will concentrate on the following: the heating value of the blend, the calculated cetane index, kinematic viscosity, API gravity, flash point, sulfur content, pour point, and the bottom sediments and water.

Testing of exhaust gas emission will be done using flue gas analyzer.  The boiler pressure controller will be set at 1 kg/cm2 as its cut in pressure and 4 kg/cm2 as its cut-off and maximum operating pressure.  Boiler operating temperature will be set at 180 degree C.  Measurement of SOx, NOx, HC, CO, CO2 and other particulate matters at the stack will be made when boiler reaches its operating pressure and temperature.

Title: Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Characteristics between 20% and 25% CME Blend by Volume on Bunker Fuel and the Effect of Exhaust Gas Emission
BY: Kristian G. Barario, Rhio C. Dimakiling, Orley G. Fadriquel and Manuel Robles

What is Research Proposal

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Research proposal is showing the problem intended to solve and investigate.   It should be significant enough to deserve the investigation and the method to be used should be suitable and feasible, while the results are prove to be fruitful and will create original contribution to person, company or society.  A good research proposal should be impresses or proves to your thesis committee that you have potential as a researcher and your research proposal should promises success for the project.

A research proposal should contain sufficient information to evaluate the proposed study by your reader.  It should have a key elements involves in the research process. Research proposal should answer the question, What plan to accomplish, why want to do it and how do it. It should contain title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methods and results.